13 Knowledge Modules

Q1 A patient's uncorrected distance vision is blurred but near vision is clear. Which refractive error does this describe?

Q2 Rx: -2.00 -1.00 x 180. What is the spherical equivalent?

Q3 Transpose +2.00 -1.00 x 180 into plus-cylinder form.

Q4 Which statement about presbyopia is correct?

Q5 Rx: -3.00 -2.00 x 090. What is the spherical equivalent?

Q6 A patient can read comfortably at arm's length but cannot see the distant TV clearly. Their refractive error is most likely:

Q7 Transpose -1.50 +2.00 x 045 into minus-cylinder form.

Q8 A 5-year-old has an uncorrected hyperopia of +4.00 D but reports no blur at distance. The most likely explanation is:

Q9 Rx: +1.00 -0.50 x 180. At which meridian does the -0.50 cylinder act?

Q10 Using Hofstetter's formula, what is the minimum expected accommodative amplitude for a 40-year-old?

Q11 What is the logMAR equivalent of 20/40 Snellen acuity?

Q12 A -6.00 D myope removes their spectacles and holds reading material at 16.7 cm. Why is near vision clear without correction?

Q13 A patient presents with blurred vision at all distances that is not fully correctable with spheres alone. The most likely refractive error is:

Q14 Rx: -4.00 -2.00 x 180. What are the powers in the two principal meridians?

Q15 A patient with Rx +3.00 DS complains of headaches after prolonged reading. The most likely cause is:

Q16 With-the-rule astigmatism has the steeper corneal meridian at: